Swollen Dog Vulva: 5 Potential Causes and When to Seek Veterinary Help
When your dog’s genital area looks swollen, it’s natural to worry. Understanding the reasons behind this change can help you determine whether a vet visit is necessary or if it’s a normal occurrence. Here are five potential reasons for a swollen vulva in dogs.
1. Estrus Cycle
A common cause of vulva swelling in dogs is the estrus or heat cycle. Unspayed females typically experience this cycle every six months, starting around six to eight months of age.
Hormonal changes during estrus lead to vulvar enlargement. Your vet can assess your dog’s estrus stage through vaginal cytology.
2. Infections and Inflammation
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
UTIs can cause discomfort and vulva swelling in female dogs due to their shorter and wider urethra, which allows bacteria to reach the bladder more easily.
Vaginitis
Vaginitis, or inflammation of the vagina, can be caused by bacterial or fungal infections. Symptoms include vulvar swelling and possible discharge.
Juvenile Vaginitis
Puppies between six weeks and eight months old may experience juvenile vaginitis, characterized by yellow or white discharge and vulva swelling.
3. Trauma
Trauma to the vulva from bites, scratches, or foreign objects can result in swelling and possible infection.
4. Tumors
Vaginal tumors, although rare, can cause significant swelling. Common types in dogs include benign leiomyoma and lipoma.
5. Vaginal Prolapse
In unspayed female dogs, hormonal changes can lead to vaginal prolapse, where the vaginal tissue swells and protrudes out of the vulva. This condition typically requires surgical intervention.
What to Do if Your Dog’s Vulva Is Swollen
If the swelling is not linked to the heat cycle, a veterinary consultation is recommended. Your vet may perform tests such as vaginal cytology or fine needle aspiration of any suspected tumors. Treatment options could include:
Frequently Asked Questions
What’s the difference between the vulva and the vagina?
The vulva is the external part of the genital area, while the vagina is internal, leading to the cervix and uterus.
Why is my dog licking her private area?
Your dog may lick her genital area due to discomfort from a UTI or to clean vaginal discharge.
Can you treat vulvar infections at home?
While gentle cleaning can help, veterinary care is often necessary for treating infections, as antibiotics may be required.
Conclusion
A swollen vulva in dogs can be due to various reasons, from the normal estrus cycle to infections or tumors.
If you notice any unusual swelling, consult your veterinarian for a thorough examination and appropriate treatment.
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